The main contributors to exposures were biscuits, juice or nectar and pastries and cakes that could potentially contain CNGs. At the 95th percentile, the ARfD was exceeded up to about 2.5‐fold in some surveys for children and adolescent age groups.
Estimated mean acute dietary exposures to cyanide from foods containing CNGs did not exceed the ARfD in any age group. To account for differences in cyanide bioavailability after ingestion of certain food items, specific factors were used. In the present opinion, the CONTAM Panel concluded that this ARfD is applicable for acute effects of CN regardless the dietary source. In 2016, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain ( CONTAM) published a scientific opinion on the acute health risks related to the presence of cyanogenic glycosides ( CNGs) in raw apricot kernels in which an acute reference dose ( ARfD) of 20 μg/kg body weight (bw) was established for cyanide ( CN).
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